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Tensile Properties - ASTM D638
Tensile testing is performed by elongating a specimen and measuring the load carried by the specimen. From a knowledge of the specimen dimensions, the load and deflection data can be translated into a stress-strain curve. A variety of tensile properties can be extracted from the stress-strain curve.
Tensile Test
Property | Definition |
---|---|
Tensile Elongation at Break | Tensile elongation corresponding to the point of rupture. |
Tensile Elongation at Yield | Tensile elongation corresponding to the yield (an increase in strain does not result in an increase in stress). |
Tensile Strength at Break | Tensile stress corresponding to the point of rupture. |
Tensile Strength at Yield | Tensile stress corresponding to the yield point (an increase in strain does not result in an increase in stress). |
Tensile Strength | Tensile stress at a specified elongation. |
Tensile Strength, Ultimate | The highest tensile stress a material can support before failing. |
Tensile Modulus | The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material in the elastic region of a stress-strain curve. A "Tangent" tensile modulus value is the slope of the elastic region of the stress-strain curve and is also known as Young's Modulus, or the Modulus of Elasticity. A "Secant" tensile modulus value is the slope of a line connecting the point of zero strain to a point on the stress-strain curve at a specified strain. This is used for materials that exhibit little or no linear behavior. |
Illustration of Tangent and Secant Tensile Moduli
Specimen | Rigidity Case | Note | Thickness |
---|---|---|---|
Type I | Rigid | Preferred specimen. | <7 mm (0.28 in) |
Type II | Rigid | Use when Type I specimen does not break in the narrow section. | <7 mm (0.28 in) |
Type III | Rigid/Nonrigid | >7 mm (0.28 in) <14 mm (0.55 in) |
|
Type IV | Rigid/Nonrigid | Should be used for comparison between materials in different rigidity cases. Essentially the same as Die C specimen from ASTM D412. | <4 mm (0.16 in) |
Type V | Rigid | Used when limited material is available or laboratory space is a concern (for environmental testing) | <4 mm (0.16 in) |