Prospector

聚乙烯 (PE) by Lotte Chemical Titan (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Produkt Verfügbarkeit Produktbeschreibung
TITANEX® HB0972 Asia Pacific
HB0972 is a pelleted high molecular weight, high density polyethylene Hexene-1 resin for blow molding. HB0972 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS Large size shipping containers and drums, household and industrial chemical containers, toiletries and cosmetic containers. ADVANTAGES Excellent stress crack resistance, excellent resistance to most chemicals and outstanding rigidity with high impact strength, high melt strength and moderate die swell.
TITANEX® HF0961 Asia Pacific
HF0961 is a pelleted high molecular weight, high density polyethylene Hexene-1 resin for tubular film extrusion. HF0961 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS Grocery sacks, shopping bags, liners notion and millinery bags. ADVANTAGES High extrusion rate with high film strength and rigidity, excellent draw down for high quality thin film.
TITANEX® HF1161 Asia Pacific
Titanex HF1161 is a pelleted high density polyethylene for blown film extrusion. HF1161 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. Applications: Grocery sacks, shopping bags, T-shirt bags. Characteristics: High extrusion rate with high film strength and rigidity, excellent draw down for high quality thin film.
TITANEX® HF1881 Asia Pacific
HF1881 is a pelleted medium molecular weight, high density polyethylene Hexene-1 resin for tubular film extrusion. HF1881 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS Grocery sacks, shopping bags, liners and thin films. ADVANTANGES Specially designed for high extrusion rate at lower temperature, good film strength and rigidity, excellent drawdown for high quality thin film, when better strength is needed, mixing with HF0961 will provide a balance between strength and extrudability.
TITANEX® HM4560UA Asia Pacific
HM4560UA is an UV light stabilized, pelleted high molecular weight, high density polyethylene Hexene-1 resin for medium-large blow molding. APPLICATIONS Intermediate bulk containers, agricultural containers, industrial chemical containers and pallets. ADVANTAGES Excellent stress crack resistance, excellent resistance to most chemicals and outstanding rigidity with high impact strength and high melt strength.
TITANEX® MF1461 Asia Pacific
MF1461 is a pelleted linear low density polyethylene Hexene-1 resin for blown film extrusion. APPLICATIONS Geomembrane, High strength film. ADVANTAGES High melt strength, Excellent stress crack resistance, Excellent drawdown properties for high quality thin film.
TITANLENE® LDC 800YY Asia Pacific
LDC800YY is a low density polyethylene resin for extrusion coating and is a barefoot grade. LDC800YY meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Coating for all substrates. ADVANTAGES Good drawdown, good heat seability and adhesion properties.
TITANLENE® LDC 801YY Asia Pacific
LDC801YY is a low density polyethylene resin for extrusion coating and is a barefoot grade. LDC801YY meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Coating for all substrates. ADVANTAGES Excellent drawdown, good heat seability and adhesion properties.
TITANLENE® LDF 200GG Asia Pacific
LDF200GG is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF200GG has medium slip and anti-block additives. LDF200GG meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Produce bags, T-shirt carrier bags, Display packaging, Light duty shrink film. ADVANTAGES Good optical and mechanical properties.
TITANLENE® LDF 200YZ Asia Pacific
LDF200YZ is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF200YZ has no slip and anti-block additives. LDF200YZ meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS T-shirt carrier bags, Display packaging, Light duty shrink film ADVANTAGES Good optical and good mechanical properties.
TITANLENE® LDF 201FG Asia Pacific
LDF201FG is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF201FG has low slip and anti-block additives. LDF201FG meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Produce film, T-shirt carrier bags, Display packaging. ADVANTAGES Good optical and good mechanical properties.
TITANLENE® LDF 250YZ Asia Pacific
LDF250YZ is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF250YZ has no slip and anti-block additives. LDF250YZ meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Medium duty shrink film, Shopper bags, Form fill and seal packaging. ADVANTAGES Excellent mechanical properties and stiffness.
TITANLENE® LDF 260GG Asia Pacific
LDF260GG is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF260GG has medium slip and anti-block additives. LDF260GG meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Laundry film, Textile packaging, Produce film, Diaper backing. ADVANTAGES Good drawdown and excellent processability.
TITANLENE® LDF 260YZ Asia Pacific
LDF260YZ is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF260YZ has no slip and anti-block additives. LDF260YZ meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Laundry film, Textile packaging, Produce film, Diaper backing ADVANTAGES Good drawdown and excellent processability.
TITANLENE® LDF 265YZ Asia Pacific
LDF265YZ is a low density polyethylene resin for film extrusion. LDF265YZ has no slip and anti-block additives. LDF265YZ meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Heavy duty sacks, Shrink film, Construction film. ADVANTAGES Excellent mechanical properties and good processability.
TITANLENE® LDF 266YZ Asia Pacific  
TITANLENE® LDI 300YY Asia Pacific
LDI300YY is a low density polyethylene resin for injection molding and is a barefoot grade. LDI300YY meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 2.1 & (c) 2.2. APPLICATIONS Medium sized molding, Cosmetic containers, Bottle closures, Food containers. ADVANTAGES High stiffness, good toughness, excellent gloss.
Titanvene™ BPD3220 Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ BPD3220 is a linear low density polyethylene designed for extrusion process especially in wire and cable insulation applications. Titanvene™ BPD3220 characterized by low gel content, easy extrusion without slip and anti block additives content. Applications Titanvene™ BPD3220 is a wire and cable polyethylene grade applications for low voltage wire insulation Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ BPD3220 can be easily processed on normal machines at temperatures in the range of 180°C to 210°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ BPD3220 can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B has been specially developed for packaging of carbonated beverages and for other applications where very high environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) is required. Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B has excellent organoleptic properties that do not significantly transfer taste or odour to the packaged product. Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B is characterised by excellent impact strength and creep resistance. Applications Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B is designed for bottle caps Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5120EA-B can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B is a high density polyethylene copolymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution, which has been specially developed for packaging carbonated beverages and for other applications where very high environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) is required. Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B has very good organoleptic properties, which does not significantly transfer taste or odour to the packaged product. Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B contains high slip agent to reduce the forces required to seal and open the cap. Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B is characterised by excellent impact strength and creep resistance. Applications Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B is specialised for bottle caps for carbonated beverages or other closures where very high ESCR and reduced sealing and opening forces are required. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5120GB-B can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B is a high density polyethylene copolymer grade with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B has been specially developed for packaging drinking water and other beverages. Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B has excellent organoleptic properties, which does not significantly transfer taste or odour to the packaged product. Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B offering easy processing, good impact strength, high warpage resistance and excellent organoleptic properties. Applications Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B is designed for bottle caps of still drinking water and non-carbonated beverages. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5211EA-B can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5218EA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5218EA is an easy flow high density polyethylene suitable for thin wall injection moulding application. Titanvene™ HD5218EA is characterised by its high flow rate suitable for fast process cycle and low moulding warpage. Applications Titanvene™ HD5218EA is designed for: - House wares. - Thin walled containers. - Toys. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5218EA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5218EA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5301AA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5301AA is a high density polyethylene suitable for thin blow film extrusion. Titanvene™ HD5301AA is characterised by easy extrusion and processing, low gel level and good tensile properties. Applications Titanvene™ HD5301AA is specialised for high density blow film applications such as carrier bags, food packaging, industrial packaging, etc. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5301AA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 180°C to 210°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5301AA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5401GA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5401GA is a high density polyethylene of high molecular weight designed for extrusion applications and in particular for large blow moulding containers of good stress cracking resistance. Titanvene™ HD5401GA is characterised by easy extrusion and processing, very low odour and fuming, excellent environmental stress cracking resistance with superior impact strength. Applications Titanvene™ HD5401GA is specialised for blow moulding items such as bottles/containers from 5 to 150 litres capacity for: - Food products and households - Toiletries - Pharmaceuticals and personal products - Industrial chemicals or oils Other applications : - Non-pressure pipe and conduits. - Synthetic rattan Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5401GA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 210°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5401GA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specificgrade.
Titanvene™ HD5502GA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5502GA is a high density polyethylene of medium molecular weight designed for extrusion applications and in particular for blow moulding. Titanvene™ HD5502GA is characterised by easy extrusion and processing, very low odour and fuming, high stress cracking resistance and good impact strength. Applications Titanvene™ HD5502GA is specialised for blow moulding items such as bottles/containers up to 5 litres capacity for: - Food products and households - Toiletries - Pharmaceuticals and personal products - Industrial chemicals or oils Other applications : - Non-pressure pipe and conduits. - Synthetic rattan Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5502GA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 200°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5502GA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5609AA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5609AA is a high density polyethylene suitable for extrusion and stretching process for filaments and tapes. Titanvene™ HD5609AA is characterised by its low gel content, stretching with few breaks and high tenacity. Titanvene™ HD5609AA is designed for: - Ropes. - Tarpaulin covers - Mosquito nets and fishing nets. - Woven tapes. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5609AA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene monofilament machines at temperatures in the range of 220°C to 265°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5609AA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD5740UA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD5740UA is an ultra violet (UV) light stabilised high density polyethylene copolymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution, specially developed for injection moulding of heavy duty articles. Titanvene™ HD5740UA is characterised by its high rigidity, high impact resistance (especially for low temperature) and high weathering resistance. Applications Titanvene™ HD5740UA is designed for: - Large dustbin and pails. - Fish crates/pallet boxes - Technical parts. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD5740UA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD5740UA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD6070EA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD6070EA is a high density polyethylene copolymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution. It is suitable for a wide range of injection moulding applications. Titanvene™ HD6070EA is characterised by easy processing, high rigidity, good impact resistance and high warpage resistance. Applications Titanvene™ HD6070EA is designed for: - Bottle crates. - Pails and containers. - Pallets and structural foam. - Tube shoulder. - Caps for still drinking water. - Caps for non-carbonated beverages. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD6070EA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD6070EA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ HD6070UA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ HD6070UA is a high density polyethylene copolymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution protected by a UV stabilizer for outdoor exposure. Titanvene™ HD6070UA is suitable for a wide range of injection moulding applications. Titanvene™ HD6070UA is characterised by its easy processing, high rigidity/good impact resistance and high warpage resistance. Applications Titanvene™ HD6070UA is designed for: - Crates, pails and containers. - Pallets, structural foam and seats. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ HD6070UA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene injection moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 240°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ HD6070UA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0209AA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0209AA is a linear low density polyethylene suitable for a wide variety of film applications with low gel content, good transparency, and excellent mechanical properties. Titanvene™ LL0209AA has no slip and antiblock additives (bare foot). Applications Titanvene™ LL0220AA is typically used for : - Sack film - Food packaging - Industrial packaging Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL0209AA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 190°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0209AA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0209SC Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0209SC is a linear low density polyethylene for high clarity film application. Titanvene™ LL0209SC is characterized by excellent transparency, low gel content, good process ability, and good mechanical properties with low blocking force and high slip. Applications - Industrial packaging - Shopping bags - Food packaging - Rice Bag - Transparent Film - Garment Sack Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL0209SC can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 200°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0209SC can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. Lotte Chemical TITAN Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0209SR Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0209SR is a linear low density polyethylene designed for wide range of film. Titanvene™ LL0209SR is characterised by low gel content, good transparency, and excellent mechanical properties with low blocking force and high slip. Applications Titanvene™ LL0209SR is typically used in : - Industrial packaging - Shopping bags - Food packaging Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL0209SR can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 150°C to 190°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0209SR can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0220AA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0220AA is a linear low density polyethylene suitable for a wide variety of film applications with low gel content, good transparency, and excellent mechanical properties. Titanvene™ LL0220AA has no slip and antiblock additives (bare foot). Applications Titanvene™ LL0220AA is typically used for : - Casting film - Blended film. - Inner layer rotomoulding - Cable insulation. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL0220AA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 190°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0220AA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0220SR Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0220SR is a linear low density polyethylene suitable for a wide variety of film applications. Titanvene™ LL0220SR is characterised by low gel content, good transparency, and excellent mechanical properties with low blocking force and high slip. Applications Titanvene™ LL0220SR is typically used for : - Industrial packaging - Shopping bags - Food packaging Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL 220SR can be easily processed on normal polyethylene blow film machines at temperatures in the range of 170°C to 200°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0220SR can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL0335AA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL0335AA is a linear low density polyethylene designed for silane crosslinked low voltage power cable insulation, casting film and inner layer for rotomolding. Titanvene™ LL0335AA characterized by high speed performance, low gel content, easy extrusion. Applications - Low voltage power cable insulation for sioplas process. - Casting film. - Inner layer for rotomolding (Non UV) Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL0335AA can be easily processed on normal machines at temperatures in the range of 150°C to 220°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL0335AA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. Lotte Chemical TITAN Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL3550UA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL3550UA is a medium density polyethylene, which has been specially developed for manufacturing large containers. Titanvene™ LL3550UA offers excellent UV light protection for outdoor exposure with high levels of UV light radiation where the use of inorganic pigments or carbon black is normally recommended. Applications Titanvene™ LL3550UA is designed for large rotational moulding containers, traffic cone and garbage bin. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL3550UA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene rotational moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 180°C to 230°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL3550UA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
Titanvene™ LL3840UA Asia Pacific
Titanvene™ LL3840UA is a medium density polyethylene, which has been specially developed for manufacturing large containers. Titanvene™ LL3840UA offers excellent UV light protection for outdoor exposure with high levels of UV light radiation where the use of inorganic pigments or carbon black is normally recommended. Applications Titanvene™ LL3840UA is designed for large rotational moulding containers, traffic cone and garbage bin. Recommended Processing Conditions Titanvene™ LL3840UA can be easily processed on normal polyethylene rotational moulding machines at temperatures in the range of 180°C to 230°C. Food Contact Compliance Titanvene™ LL3840UA can be used in food contact applications. Please contact your nearest PT. TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara representative for more detail of food contact compliance statements for the specific grade.
TITANZEX® HB6200 Asia Pacific
HB6200 is a high density polyethylene for blow molding. HB6200 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS Household and industrial chemical containers, Toiletries, Cosmetic containers, Pharmaceutical containers. ADVANTAGES Excellent ESCR & excellent mechanical strength.
TITANZEX® HF7000 Asia Pacific
HF7000 is a high density polyethylene resin for tubular film extrusion. HF7000 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS: Very thin reinforcing film, Grocery bags, Merchandize bags, Disposal waste bags, Shopping bags. Characteristics: Excellent processability, excellent draw down capability and high film strength and rigidity.
TITANZEX® HF7700 Asia Pacific
HF7700 is a high density polyethylene resin for tubular film extrusion. HF7700 meets the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for food contact use as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520 (c) 3.1a & 3.2a. APPLICATIONS: Very thin reinforcing film, Grocery bags, Merchandize bags, Disposal waste bags, Shopping bags. ADVANTAGES: Excellent processability, excellent draw down capability and high film strength and rigidity.